Documentation

Tokens

Tokens are small units of a program that the interpreter or compiler understands. Yeh identifiers, keywords, literals, operators, aur punctuators ko include karte hain.

Keywords

Keywords hote hain special ya reserved words Python mein jo variable names ke roop mein use nahin kiye ja sakte.

Identifiers

Identifiers hote hain names jo variables, functions, classes, modules, ya other objects ko identify karne ke liye use hote hain. Inhe kuch rules follow karna chahiye:

• Ek letter (a-z, A-Z) ya underscore `_` se shuru hona chahiye.
• Baad mein letters, digits (0-9), ya underscores ka use kiya ja sakta hai.
• Keywords identifiers ke roop mein use nahin ho sakte.
• Identifiers case-sensitive hote hain.

Valid identifiers : `my_variable`, `_value`, `Class1`, `function_name`
Invalid identifiers: `1variable`, `class`, `if` (because they are keywords)

Literals and Data Types

Literals hote hain constants jo fixed values ko represent karte hain. Python mein various data types hote hain jaise integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries, etc.

• Number : Integer numbers (`5`, `-10`, `1000`)
• Bada Number : Floating-point numbers (`3.14`, `2.718`)
• Shabd : String of characters (`"hello"`, `'world'`)
• Bool : Boolean values (`sahi`, `galat`)
• Soochi : Ordered collection of items (`[1, 2, 3]`)
• Seema : Immutable ordered collection of items (`(1, 2, 3)`)
• Vyakti : Collection of key-value pairs (`{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}`)

Operators

Operators hote hain symbols jo variables ya values par operations perform karte hain.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators

Punctuators

Punctuators hote hain symbols jo Python syntax mein punctuation ke liye istemal hote hain, jaise parentheses `()`, commas `,`, colons `:`, semicolons `;`, etc.

Valid identifiers : `my_variable`, `_value`, `Class1`, `function_name`
Invalid identifiers: `1variable`, `class`, `if` (because they are keywords)

Print-Input

Data ko console par output karne ke liye istemal hota hai.

Conditional If (if-else, elif)

Shartanuma statements allow karte hain ki certain code conditions par execute ho.

Loops (while, for)

Loops ka istemal statements ki ek sequence ko iterate karne ya ek block of code ko repeat karne ke liye hota hai.

Lists (lambaai, indexing)

Lists ordered collections of items hote hain. Yeh indexing ko support karte hain (elements ko position ke hisab se access karna) aur ek length (elements ka number) rakhte hain.

NumPy (नंपाई)

NumPy ek powerful library hai Python mein jo numerical computations aur array operations ke liye istemal hoti hai.

• jodo: Concatenate arrays.
• npsuchi: Create a NumPy array.
• bindu: Dot product of arrays.
• yugm: Product of arrays.
• nirdharit: Check if arrays are defined.
• sthir sthal: Find stable location for an element in an array.
• hamasa: Multiply arrays element-wise.
• pn: Value of π (pi).
• madhya: Calculate mean of array.
• madhyank: Calculate median of array.

pandas (पांडास)

pandas ek data manipulation aur analysis library hai Python mein.

• pandas: Import pandas library.
• dataframe: Create a DataFrame object.
• series: Create a Series object.
• prakar: Get the dtype of an object.
• .head(): Display the first few rows of a DataFrame.
• .describe: Generate descriptive statistics of a DataFrame.
• iloc: Access DataFrame rows and columns by position.
• index: Get the index of a DataFrame.
• nokhali: Drop rows with missing values.
• haikhali: Check for missing values (NaN).
• bharkhali: Fill missing values in a DataFrame.
• pdseries: Create a pandas Series object.
• prachal: Calculate mode of data.

scikit-learn (sklearn) (साइकिट-लर्न)

scikit-learn ek machine learning library hai Python mein jo various machine learning algorithms aur utilities provide karta hai.

• model**: Create a machine learning model.
• bharo**: Fit/train a model
• predict**: Make predictions using a model.
• score**: Evaluate model performance.
• cross-val**: Perform cross-validation.
• pratikulan**: Regression analysis.
• rekhiy pratikulan**: Linear regression.
• lojistik pratikulan**: Logistic regression.
• sanketak**: Get coefficients of a model.
• ched**: Get intercept of a model.
• chitr**: Plot regression graph.

shabd (शब्द)

shabd ek Python data type hai jo string manipulation ke liye various methods provide karta hai. Yeh methods text ko modify karne, search karne, aur format karne ke liye upyogi hain.

• pehelabadakaro: Ek shabd ka pehla akshar bada banata hai.
• chotakaro: Ek shabd ke sabhi akshar chote banata hai, comparison ke liye.
• beechmei: Ek shabd ko beech mei align karta hai, extra spaces ke sath.
• gino: Ek shabd mei dusra shabd kitni baar aaya hai, ginata hai.
• khojo: Ek shabd mei dusre shabd ka pehla position khojta hai.
• format: Ek shabd mei ek special jagah { } ko values ke sath replace karta hai.
• position: Ek shabd mei dusre shabd ka pehla position khojta hai, agar na mile to error.
• aksharnumhai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre shabd ya numbers hain.
• aksharhai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre akshar hain.
• asciihai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre ASCII hain.
• numhai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre number hain.
• pehchankar: Check karta hai ki shabd valid identifier hai (variable name).
• chotahai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre chote hain.
• bolajasaktahai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi tukre bole ja ssakte hain.
• khalihai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi characters whitespace hain.
• titleai: Check karta hai ki shabd title case mei hai (har shabd ka pehla akshar bada).
• badahai: Check karta hai ki shabd ke sabhi characters uppercase hain.
• jodiye: Ek list ke sabhi elements ko ek shabd mei jodta hai.
• chotakaro: Ek shabd ke sabhi tukre ko chota banata hai.
• alagkaro: Ek shabd ko 3 parts mei alag karta hai (shabd ka tukda se pehle, shabd ka tukda, aur shabd ka tukda ke baad).
• badaliye: Ek shabd mei ek shabd ka tukda ko dusre shabd ka tukda se badalta hai.
• bato: Ek shabd ko shabd ka tukda par tod kar list banata hai.
• linesbato: Ek shabd ko newline par tod kar list banata hai.
• shurumei: Check karta hai ki shabd kisi shabd ka tukda se shuru hota hai.
• saf: Ek shabd ke aage aur peeche ke spaces ko hataata hai.
• chotebadal: Ek shabd ke sabhi bade tukre ko chota aur chote tukre ko bada karta hai.
• title: Ek shabd ko title case mei banata hai (har shabd ka pehla akshar bada).
• anuvaad: Ek shabd ke tukro ko translate karta hai ek given mapping ke according.
• badakaro: Ek shabd ke sabhi akshar ko bada banata hai.